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KMID : 1039220200300020163
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Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
2020 Volume.30 No. 2 p.163 ~ p.173
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High Influential Factor of Cadmium and Lead Exposure in Outdoor Workers
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Moon Chan-Seok
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Abstract
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Objectives: The study was evaluated exposure variation and daily absorption level of cadmium, lead concentration of ambient air of monthly data from 1999 to 2017 for main exposure factor in outdoor workers.
Methods: Based on the monthly data from ‘The annual report of air quality in Korea from 1999 to 2018’ in ‘Air Korea’ website in the Korean Ministry of Environment. The monthly data of PM2.5, PM10, cadmium, lead concentration of ambient air were recalculated to average, minimum, and maximum. And these data were combined to Asian-dust exposure data from ‘The annual report of Asian-dust?smog in 2017’ of National Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Korea.
Results: Geometric mean(minimum-maximum) concentration in ambient air of monthly data were 0.0017(ND-0.2015) mg/m3 in cadmium and 0.0467(ND-0.8554) mg/m3 in Pb from 1999 to 2017. Both of Cd and Pb concentration in ambient air showed the highest concentration in January and the lowest in August among annual variation from 1999 to 2017. PM10 and PM2.5 level showed the highest in March(PM10) and February(PM2.5) the lowest in August both of PM10 and PM2.5.
Discussion: Based on exposure data and prior reports, daily Cd absorption was estimated to 0.013(ND-1.511) mg/day from respiration and 1.89 mg/day from daily food(25.2 mg/day of daily Cd intake). In case of Pb, daily absorption was estimated to 0.350(ND-6.416) mg/day from respiration and 1.38-1.71 mg/day from daily food intake.
Conclusion: Cd and Pb with Asian-dust have high influential factor to increase the Cd and Pb exposure at Winter and Spring season in outdoor workers.
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KEYWORD
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Asian dust, Cadmium, Exposure, Lead, Outdoor workers
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